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DNS Zones
A DNS server that has complete information for part of the DNS name space is said
to be the
authority for that part of the name space. This authoritative information is organized
into units called zones, which are the main units of replication in DNS. A zone
contains one or more
RRs for one or more related DNS domains.
The following are the three DNS zone types implemented in Windows 2000:
Standard Primary Holds the master copy of a zone and can replicate it to secondary
zones. All changes to a zone are made on the standard primary.
Standard Secondary Contains a read-only copy of zone information that can provide
increased performance and resilience. Information in a primary zone is replicated
to the secondary by use of the zone transfer mechanism.
Active Directory-integrated A Microsoft proprietary zone type, where the zone
information is held in the Windows 2000 Active Directory (AD) and replicated
using AD replication.

What Are Resource Records?
An RR is information related to a DNS domain; for example, the host record
defining a host IP address. Each RR will contain a common set of information, as follows:
• Owner Indicates the DNS domain in which the resource record is found.
• TTL The length of time used by other DNS servers to determine how long to cache
information for a record before discarding it. For most RRs, this field is optional. The
TTL value is measured in seconds, with a TTL value of 0 indicating that the RR
contains volatile data that's not to be cached. As an example, SOA records have
a default TTL of 1 hour. This prevents these records from being cached by other
DNS servers for a longer period, which would delay the propagation of changes.
• Class For most RRs, this field is optional. Where it's used, it contains standard
mnemonic text indicating the class of an RR. For example, a class setting of
IN indicates the record belongs to the Internet (IN) class. At one time there
were multiple
classes (such as CH for Chaos Net), but today, only the IN class is used.
• Type This required field holds a standard mnemonic text indicating the type for
an RR. For example, a mnemonic of A indicates that the RR stores host address
information.
• Record-Specific Data This is a variable-length field containing information
describing the resource. This information's format varies according to the type and
class of the RR.

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