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What is the Global Catalog?
The global catalog is a distributed data repository that contains a searchable,
partial representation of every object in every domain in a multidomain Active
Directory forest. The global catalog is stored on domain controllers that have
been designated as global catalog servers and is distributed through multimaster
replication. Searches that are directed to the global catalog are faster because
they do not involve referrals to different domain controllers. In addition to
configuration and schema directory partition replicas, every domain controller in a
Windows 2000 Server or Windows Server 2003 forest stores a full, writable replica of a
single domain directory partition. Therefore, a domain controller can locate only the
objects in its domain. Locating an object in a different domain would require the user
or application to provide the domain of the requested object. The global catalog
provides the ability to locate objects from any domain without having to know
the domain name. A global catalog server is a domain controller that, in addition
to its full, writable domain directory partition replica, also stores a partial, read-only
replica of all other domain directory partitions in the forest. The additional domain
directory partitions are partial because only a limited set of attributes is included for
each object. By including only the attributes that are most used for searching,
every object in every domain in even the largest forest can be represented in the
database of a single global catalog server.
Note
• A global catalog server can also store a full, writable replica of an application
directory partition, but objects in application directory partitions are not
replicated to the global catalog as partial, read-only directory partitions.
The global catalog is built and updated automatically by the Active Directory
replication system. The attributes that are replicated to the global catalog are
identified in the schema as the partial attribute set (PAS) and are defined by
Microsoft. However, to optimize searching,
you can edit the schema by adding or removing attributes that are stored
in the global catalog. In Windows 2000 Server environments, any change to the
PAS results in full synchronization (update of all attributes) of the global catalog.
Windows Server 2003 reduces the impact of updating the global catalog by
replicating only the attributes that change. In a single-domain forest, a
global catalog server stores a full, writable replica of the domain and does
not store any partial replica. A global catalog server in a single-domain
forest functions in the same manner as a non-global-catalog server except for
the processing of
forestwide searches.

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