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What are GPOs?
Group Policy objects
Policy settings are stored in Group Policy objects (GPOs). Settings for each GPO
are edited using the Group Policy Object Editor. After installation of the Group
Policy Management Console (GPMC), Group Policy Object Editor is usually opened from
GPMC. There are two kinds of GPOs:
• Active Directory-based GPOs. These are stored in a domain and replicate to all the
domain controllers for the domain. They are available only in an Active Directory
environment. They apply to users and computers in a site, domain, or organizational
unit to which the Group Policy object is linked. This is the primary mechanism
through which Group Policy is used in an Active Directory environment.
• Local GPOs. There is just one local GPO stored on each computer. Local GPOs
are the least influential GPOs in an Active Directory environment, and local GPOs have
only a subset of the settings found in Active Directory-based GPOs. For information
about local GPOs, see Local Group Policy objects overview for GPMC.
What are the GPC and the GPT? Where can I find them?
GPO version number in the GPC
I have used one of two tools to look at the raw GPO version number in the
GPC; Adsiedit and Ldp. Both are GUI tools that allow you to look at Active
Directory objects. I'm going to give an example using Ldp.exe simply because
I can display all the relevant information in a single frame for the purposes of this
discussion. Before going on, I would like to say a word of caution here.
Making changes using low-level Active Directory editing tools could cause
problems with the functionality of your domain. If you want to look at Active
Directory objects for learning purposes, try this out on a test domain
(that cannot harm VPs in any way). I open the Ldp tool, connect, and bind
it to my test domain. From the view menu, I select tree. From the root of
the domain, I navigate through the system container to expand the
policies container, where the GPC portion of my GPOs is stored. In the
below picture, I have highlighted a sample GPO I called test1 which is
identified by a unique GUID and has a version number of 262146. Using
the procedure described earlier, I figured out this version number is equal to a
computer version of 2 and a user version of 4.
The GPT is stored in the sysvol portion of the domain controllers' file system;
for example, for my test domain called corp.fourthcoffee.com the GPT
is stored at \\corp.fourthcoffee.com\sysvol\corp.fourthcoffee.com\Policies.
Each GPO is stored under this folder using the GUID. As you can see from
the picture above, the GPC also defines an attribute, gPCFileSysPath, which
contains the sysvol path to the GPO's GPT. In my example, the full path
to my test1 GPO is \\corp.fourthcoffee.com\sysvol\corp.fourthcoffee.com\Policies\
{06C1CDF4-7288-4A6DB887- 8727C2823857}. And I can then type the
contents of the GPT.INI file stored directly under that folder to see the version
number, as shown in the picture below. Notice this version number (262146)
matches the number we saw for the GPC in the Active Directory. That is what
we would expect.
Group Policy objects
Policy settings are stored in Group Policy objects (GPOs). Settings for each GPO
are edited using the Group Policy Object Editor. After installation of the Group
Policy Management Console (GPMC), Group Policy Object Editor is usually opened from
GPMC. There are two kinds of GPOs:
• Active Directory-based GPOs. These are stored in a domain and replicate to all the
domain controllers for the domain. They are available only in an Active Directory
environment. They apply to users and computers in a site, domain, or organizational
unit to which the Group Policy object is linked. This is the primary mechanism
through which Group Policy is used in an Active Directory environment.
• Local GPOs. There is just one local GPO stored on each computer. Local GPOs
are the least influential GPOs in an Active Directory environment, and local GPOs have
only a subset of the settings found in Active Directory-based GPOs. For information
about local GPOs, see Local Group Policy objects overview for GPMC.
What are the GPC and the GPT? Where can I find them?
GPO version number in the GPC
I have used one of two tools to look at the raw GPO version number in the
GPC; Adsiedit and Ldp. Both are GUI tools that allow you to look at Active
Directory objects. I'm going to give an example using Ldp.exe simply because
I can display all the relevant information in a single frame for the purposes of this
discussion. Before going on, I would like to say a word of caution here.
Making changes using low-level Active Directory editing tools could cause
problems with the functionality of your domain. If you want to look at Active
Directory objects for learning purposes, try this out on a test domain
(that cannot harm VPs in any way). I open the Ldp tool, connect, and bind
it to my test domain. From the view menu, I select tree. From the root of
the domain, I navigate through the system container to expand the
policies container, where the GPC portion of my GPOs is stored. In the
below picture, I have highlighted a sample GPO I called test1 which is
identified by a unique GUID and has a version number of 262146. Using
the procedure described earlier, I figured out this version number is equal to a
computer version of 2 and a user version of 4.
The GPT is stored in the sysvol portion of the domain controllers' file system;
for example, for my test domain called corp.fourthcoffee.com the GPT
is stored at \\corp.fourthcoffee.com\sysvol\corp.fourthcoffee.com\Policies.
Each GPO is stored under this folder using the GUID. As you can see from
the picture above, the GPC also defines an attribute, gPCFileSysPath, which
contains the sysvol path to the GPO's GPT. In my example, the full path
to my test1 GPO is \\corp.fourthcoffee.com\sysvol\corp.fourthcoffee.com\Policies\
{06C1CDF4-7288-4A6DB887- 8727C2823857}. And I can then type the
contents of the GPT.INI file stored directly under that folder to see the version
number, as shown in the picture below. Notice this version number (262146)
matches the number we saw for the GPC in the Active Directory. That is what
we would expect.
For Question & Answer on Recovery/Restore of DC & GC etc. click here
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Subnet Mask, ARP etc. click here
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For Question & Answer on Domain, DC, Active Directory and its features etc. click here
For Question & Answer on LDAP,AD- Structure & Namespace etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Application Partition, DC- Backup, Sysvol etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Global Catalog, REPLMON. LDP, ADSIEDIT etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Netdom, Sites, KCC, ISTG etc. click here
For Question & Answer on FSMO and its roles etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Active Directory (AD) & its backup etc. click here
For Question & Answer on GPO, GPC and GPT etc. click here
