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How ARP Works
When an incoming packet destined for a host machine on a particular local area
network arrives at a gateway, the gateway asks the ARP program to find a physical
host or MAC address that matches the IP address. The ARP program looks in the ARP
cache and, if it finds the address, provides it so that the packet can be converted to
the right packet length and format and sent to the machine. If no entry is found for
the IP address, ARP broadcasts a request packet in a special format to all the
machines on the LAN to see if one machine knows that it has that IP address
associated with it. A machine that recognizes the IP address
as its own returns a reply so indicating. ARP updates the ARP cache for future
reference and then sends the packet to the MAC address that replied.
What is a default gateway? What happens if I don't have one?
a gateway is a routing device that knows how to pass traffic between different subnets
and networks. A computer will know some routes (a route is the address of each node
a packet must go through on the Internet to reach a specific destination), but not the
routes to every address on the Internet. It won't even know all the routes on the
nearest subnets. A gateway will not have this information either, but will at least
know the addresses of other gateways it can hand the traffic off to. Your default
gateway is on the same subnet as your computer, and is the gateway your computer
relies on when it doesn't know how to route traffic.
The default gateway is typically very similar to your IP address, in that many of the
numbers may be the same. However, the default gateway is not your IP address.
To see what default gateway you are using, follow the steps below for your
operating system.
What is a subnet?
In computer networks based on the Internet Protocol Suite, a subnetwork, or
subnet, is a portion of the network's computers and network devices that have a
common, designated IP address routing prefix (cf. Classless Inter-Domain Routing,
CIDR). A routing prefix is the sequence of leading bits of an IP address that precede
the portion of the address used as host identifier (or rest field in early Internet
terminology).
What is APIPA?
What is Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)?
A. Windows 98, 98 SE, Me, and 2000 have an Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
feature that will automatically assign an Internet Protocol address to a computer on
which it installed. This occurs when the TCP/IP protocol is installed, set to obtain it's
IP address automatically from a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server, and when
there is no DHCP server present or the DHCP server is not available. The Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved private IP addresses in the range
of 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 for Automatic Private IP Addressing.
When an incoming packet destined for a host machine on a particular local area
network arrives at a gateway, the gateway asks the ARP program to find a physical
host or MAC address that matches the IP address. The ARP program looks in the ARP
cache and, if it finds the address, provides it so that the packet can be converted to
the right packet length and format and sent to the machine. If no entry is found for
the IP address, ARP broadcasts a request packet in a special format to all the
machines on the LAN to see if one machine knows that it has that IP address
associated with it. A machine that recognizes the IP address
as its own returns a reply so indicating. ARP updates the ARP cache for future
reference and then sends the packet to the MAC address that replied.
What is a default gateway? What happens if I don't have one?
a gateway is a routing device that knows how to pass traffic between different subnets
and networks. A computer will know some routes (a route is the address of each node
a packet must go through on the Internet to reach a specific destination), but not the
routes to every address on the Internet. It won't even know all the routes on the
nearest subnets. A gateway will not have this information either, but will at least
know the addresses of other gateways it can hand the traffic off to. Your default
gateway is on the same subnet as your computer, and is the gateway your computer
relies on when it doesn't know how to route traffic.
The default gateway is typically very similar to your IP address, in that many of the
numbers may be the same. However, the default gateway is not your IP address.
To see what default gateway you are using, follow the steps below for your
operating system.
What is a subnet?
In computer networks based on the Internet Protocol Suite, a subnetwork, or
subnet, is a portion of the network's computers and network devices that have a
common, designated IP address routing prefix (cf. Classless Inter-Domain Routing,
CIDR). A routing prefix is the sequence of leading bits of an IP address that precede
the portion of the address used as host identifier (or rest field in early Internet
terminology).
What is APIPA?
What is Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)?
A. Windows 98, 98 SE, Me, and 2000 have an Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA)
feature that will automatically assign an Internet Protocol address to a computer on
which it installed. This occurs when the TCP/IP protocol is installed, set to obtain it's
IP address automatically from a Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol server, and when
there is no DHCP server present or the DHCP server is not available. The Internet
Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) has reserved private IP addresses in the range
of 169.254.0.0 - 169.254.255.255 for Automatic Private IP Addressing.
For Question & Answer on DHCP and Its process etc. click here
For Question & Answer on IP Address,
Subnet Mask, ARP etc. click here
Subnet Mask, ARP etc. click here
For Question & Answer on DNS, DNS Zones etc. click here
For Question & Answer on DNS, DNS Zones and AD etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Windows Clustering , NLB, WINS click here
For Question & Answer on IAS & RAS, PAT, NAT, VPN click here
For Question & Answer on Domain, DC, Active Directory and its features etc. click here
For Question & Answer on LDAP,AD- Structure & Namespace etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Application Partition, DC- Backup, Sysvol etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Recovery/Restore of DC & GC etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Global Catalog, REPLMON. LDP, ADSIEDIT etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Netdom, Sites, KCC, ISTG etc. click here
For Question & Answer on FSMO and its roles etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Active Directory (AD) & its backup etc. click here
For Question & Answer on GPO, GPC and GPT etc. click here
