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What are router interfaces? What types can they be?
The interfaces on a router provide network connectivity to the router. The console
and auxiliary ports are used for managing the router. Routers also have ports for LAN
and WAN connectivity. The LAN interfaces usually include Ethernet, Fast Ethernet,
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), or Token Ring. The AUI port is used to provide
LAN connectivity. You can use a converter to attach your LAN to the router. Some
higher-end routers have separate interfaces for ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
as well. Sync and Async serial interfaces are used for WAN connectivity. ISDN
(Integrated Services Digital Network) interfaces are used to provide the ISDN
connectivity. Using ISDN, you can transmit both voice and data.
Bas Topology
To prevent collisions senses multi access /collision detection CSMA/CD is used
in Ethernet .one way transferring data .
Ethernet is one of the earliest LAN technologies. An Ethernet LAN typically uses
special grades of twisted pair cabling. Ethernet networks can also use coaxial
cable, but this cable medium is becoming less common. The most commonly installed
Ethernet systems are called 10BaseT. The router provides the interfaces for twisted pair cables.
A converter can be attached to the AUI port of a router to connect to a 10base2, 10baseT, or 10base5 LAN interface. Ethernet and Token Ring use MAC addressing (physical addressing). The Ethernet interfaces on the router are E0, E1, E2, and so on. E stands for Ethernet, and the number that follows represents the port number. These interfaces provide connectivity to an Ethernet LAN. In a non-modular Cisco router, the Ethernet ports are named as above, but in modular routers they are named as E0/1, where E stands for Ethernet, 0 stands for slot
number, and 1 stands for port number in that slot.
Token Ring Topology
Token Ring is the second most widely used LAN technology after Ethernet, where all computers are connected in a logical ring topology. Physically, each host attaches to an MSAU (Multistation Access Unit) in a star configuration. MSAU’s can be chained together to maintain the logical ring topology. An empty frame called a token is passed around the network. A device on the network can transmit data only when the empty token reaches the device. This eliminates collisions on a Token Ring network. Token Ring uses MAC addresses just like any other LAN technology. The Token Ring interfaces on a non-modular router are To0, To1, To2 and so on. “To” stands for Token Ring and the number following “To” signifies the port number. In a modular router, “To” will be followed by the slot number/port number
FDDI
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a LAN technology that uses fiber optic cable. FDDI is a ring topology that uses four-bit symbols rather than eight-bit octets in its frames. The 48-bit MAC addresses have 12 four-bit symbols for FDDI. FDDI is very fast and provides a data transfer rate of 100 Mbps and uses a token-passing mechanism to prevent collisions. FDDI uses two rings with their tokens moving in opposite directions to provide redundancy to the network. Usually only one ring is active at a given time. If one ring breaks, the other ring is used and the network does not experience downtime. FDDI interfaces on a non-modular Cisco router are F0, F1, F2 and so on. “F” stands for FDDI and the number following “F” signifies the port number. In a modular router, a slot number/port number will follow “F”.
The interfaces on a router provide network connectivity to the router. The console
and auxiliary ports are used for managing the router. Routers also have ports for LAN
and WAN connectivity. The LAN interfaces usually include Ethernet, Fast Ethernet,
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI), or Token Ring. The AUI port is used to provide
LAN connectivity. You can use a converter to attach your LAN to the router. Some
higher-end routers have separate interfaces for ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode)
as well. Sync and Async serial interfaces are used for WAN connectivity. ISDN
(Integrated Services Digital Network) interfaces are used to provide the ISDN
connectivity. Using ISDN, you can transmit both voice and data.
Bas Topology
To prevent collisions senses multi access /collision detection CSMA/CD is used
in Ethernet .one way transferring data .
Ethernet is one of the earliest LAN technologies. An Ethernet LAN typically uses
special grades of twisted pair cabling. Ethernet networks can also use coaxial
cable, but this cable medium is becoming less common. The most commonly installed
Ethernet systems are called 10BaseT. The router provides the interfaces for twisted pair cables.
A converter can be attached to the AUI port of a router to connect to a 10base2, 10baseT, or 10base5 LAN interface. Ethernet and Token Ring use MAC addressing (physical addressing). The Ethernet interfaces on the router are E0, E1, E2, and so on. E stands for Ethernet, and the number that follows represents the port number. These interfaces provide connectivity to an Ethernet LAN. In a non-modular Cisco router, the Ethernet ports are named as above, but in modular routers they are named as E0/1, where E stands for Ethernet, 0 stands for slot
number, and 1 stands for port number in that slot.
Token Ring Topology
Token Ring is the second most widely used LAN technology after Ethernet, where all computers are connected in a logical ring topology. Physically, each host attaches to an MSAU (Multistation Access Unit) in a star configuration. MSAU’s can be chained together to maintain the logical ring topology. An empty frame called a token is passed around the network. A device on the network can transmit data only when the empty token reaches the device. This eliminates collisions on a Token Ring network. Token Ring uses MAC addresses just like any other LAN technology. The Token Ring interfaces on a non-modular router are To0, To1, To2 and so on. “To” stands for Token Ring and the number following “To” signifies the port number. In a modular router, “To” will be followed by the slot number/port number
FDDI
Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI) is a LAN technology that uses fiber optic cable. FDDI is a ring topology that uses four-bit symbols rather than eight-bit octets in its frames. The 48-bit MAC addresses have 12 four-bit symbols for FDDI. FDDI is very fast and provides a data transfer rate of 100 Mbps and uses a token-passing mechanism to prevent collisions. FDDI uses two rings with their tokens moving in opposite directions to provide redundancy to the network. Usually only one ring is active at a given time. If one ring breaks, the other ring is used and the network does not experience downtime. FDDI interfaces on a non-modular Cisco router are F0, F1, F2 and so on. “F” stands for FDDI and the number following “F” signifies the port number. In a modular router, a slot number/port number will follow “F”.