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What is the real difference between NAT and PAT?
Port Address Translation (PAT) is a special kind of Network Address Translation (NAT).
It can provide an excellent solution for a company that has multiple systems that
need to access the Internet but that has only a few public IP addresses. Let's take
a look at the distinctions between NAT and PAT and see how they are typically used.
Then, I'll show you how to configure PAT on a Cisco router. Understanding PAT
and NAT Before discussing PAT, it will help to describe what NAT does in general.
NAT was designed to be a solution to the lack of public IP addresses available on
the Internet. The basic concept of NAT is that it allows inside/internal hosts to use
the private address spaces (10/8, 172.16/12, and 192.168/16 networks—
see RFC1918), go through the internal interface of a router running NAT, and then
have the internal addresses translated to the router's public IP address on the
external interface that connects to the Internet. If you dig into NAT a little deeper,
you will discover that there are really three ways to configure it. From these
configurations, you can perform a variety of functions.


What is VPN? What types of VPN does Windows 2000 and beyond work with
natively?
A. Microsoft defines a virtual private network as the extension of a private network
that encompasses links across shared or public networks like the Internet. With a V
PN, you can send data between two computers across a shared or public
network in a manner that emulates a point-to-point private link (such as a dial-up
or long haul T-Carrier-based WAN link). Virtual private networking is the act of
creating and configuring a virtual private network. To emulate a point-to-point
link, data is encapsulated, or wrapped, with a header that provides routing
information, which allows the data to traverse the shared or public network to
reach its endpoint. To emulate a private link, the data is encrypted for confidentiality.
Packets that are intercepted on the shared or public network are indecipherable
without the encryption keys. The link in which the private data is encapsulated and
encrypted is a VPN connection. There are two key VPN scenarios—remote
access and site-to-site. In remote access, the communications are encrypted
between a remote computer (the VPN client) and the remote access VPN gateway
(the VPN server) to which it connects. In site-to-site
(also known as router-to-router), the communications are encrypted between
two routers (VPN gateways) that link two sites.
For Question & Answer on DHCP and Its process etc.  click here
For Question & Answer on IP Address,
Subnet Mask, ARP etc.  click here
For Question & Answer on DNS, DNS Zones etc.  click here
For Question & Answer on DNS, DNS Zones and AD etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Windows Clustering , NLB, WINS click here
For Question & Answer on IAS & RAS, PAT, NAT, VPN  click here
For Question & Answer on Domain, DC, Active Directory and its features etc. click here
For Question & Answer on LDAP,AD- Structure & Namespace etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Application Partition, DC- Backup, Sysvol etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Recovery/Restore of DC & GC  etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Global Catalog, REPLMON. LDP, ADSIEDIT etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Netdom, Sites, KCC, ISTG  etc. click here
For Question & Answer on FSMO and its roles  etc. click here
For Question & Answer on Active Directory (AD) & its backup   etc. click here
For Question & Answer on GPO, GPC and GPT etc. click here